۱۳۸۹ مرداد ۲۵, دوشنبه

جدول ایجاد کشور های جهان به ترتیب قدمت

جدول ایجاد کشور های جهان به ترتیب قدمت

Historical kingdoms and dynasties

Date↓ Nation↓ Event
3200 BC Persia(Iran) first state consisting all of western Iran was founded by the Proto-Elamite with their capital at Susa & Anshan which lasted from around 3200 BC to 2700 BC and had a significant influence on later Iranian dynasties, they were followed by Elam (2700 BC-550 BC) and Indo-European Medes who created the first Iranian empire, which encompassed all of Iran and lasted from 728 to 550 BC, Cyrus The Great, founded the first Persian Empire, the Achaemenid Empire in 550 BC (the Achaemenids had ruled Anshan for about a century before that). The Achaemenids conquered the neighbouring Mesopotamian Civilization, and was the world's first superstate, stretching from Greece to India. Persia was conquered by the Greeks under Alexander the Great, Arab Islamic Caliphate and the Mongol Empire with subsequent reunifications afterwards. The last reunification of Iran happened in 1501 by the Safavid dynasty. Iran was referred to in the West as Persia until March 21, 1935 when it was officially recognized as Iran which has been the local name. The modern Islamic Republic of Iran was established on February 11, 1979 after revolution toppled Pahlavi dynasty.Iran has had roughly the same geographical boundaries since its inception and has been using Persian as the official language in addition to Iranian calendar as official calendar as well as the name of Iran for the nation since Median Empire
3100 BC Egypt unification of Upper and Lower Egypt into one country by Pharaoh Narmer occurred in 3100 BC. Despite subsequent conquests, Egypt has roughly remained a united nation geographically ever since. Egypt was unilaterally granted nominal independence by the United Kingdom on February 28, 1922
2879 BC Viet Nam rise of Văn Lang confederacy in 2879 BC from Văn Lang tribe. Continuous invasions however, Vietnam inside was abiding after that in the allied countries. Proclaimed sovereignty after World War II following fall of the Japanese Empire on September 2, 1945 but the French Empire recognized it in 1954
2340 BC Assyria unification occurred under the Akkadians by Sargon the Great in 2340 BC as first unified state of Sumer founded in 3200 BC in Mesopotamia, the "Cradle of Civilization", in what is now Iraq. Ancient contact between Sumeria and the two other cradles of civilization, India and Egypt occurred. The area was subsequently ruled by various civilizations, including the Assyrians (Babylonians), the neighbouring Persians, and the Arabs. The Ottoman Turks controlled the area until World War I, when the British Empire gained administration. The modern Republic of Iraq was established on October 3, 1932 after independence from the British Empire
2333 BC Korea references to Gojoseon founded under the Altaic-Tungusic by Dangun in historical records from 2333 BC. The Korean peninsula was re-unified in 668 by the Silla kingdom and was invaded by the Mongols, the Manchus, and the Russians. The Japanese Empire governed Korea from 1910 to the end of World War II, as the Allies liberated, but Korea was divided into two republics by the two Cold War rivals. The modern Republic of Korea was formed on August 15, 1948 under United States administration and the modern Democratic People's Republic of Korea was formed on September 9, 1948 under Soviet administration. Although economic and political differences continued to keep the two countries apart, there was renewed hope that one day Korea will become a united nation
2070 BC China first state founded by the quasi-legendary Xia Dynasty, which was allegedly the beginning of Chinese hereditary monarchy until Xinhai Revolution in 1911, after a period ofNeolithic cultures, according to historical texts. First archeologically confirmed state was the Shang dynasty. The first unified state incorporating the majority of modern China, was founded under the Qin dynasty by Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi in 221 BC. On 1 January 1912, the Republic of China gained independence from theManchu-Qing Dynasty, but was itself forced to retreat to Taiwan and other islands after its defeat in the Chinese Civil War to the communists in 1949. The latter established the People's Republic of China on the mainland on 1 October 1949, and both governments continue to lay claim to be the successor state of all China
1300 BC Georgia Georgian Kingdom - Colchis was formed as a result of the increasing consolidation of the tribes inhabiting the Western Georgian Area. Colchis is sometimes mentioned with original Georgian names: კოლხეთი (Kolkheti) and ეგრისი (Egrisi) or also with ancient Greek name Κολχίς (Kolkis). This kingdom is described in Greek mythologyas the destination of the ArgonautsColchis is a homeland of Golden Fleece. The most significant thing is that the language of Colchians is still alive and widely used among Western Georgians. The modern Georgia declared independence from the USSR in April 9, 1991
858 BC Armenia Aramu, first known king of Urartu, an ancient Armenian kingdom; Hurrians present by 2500 BC. Independence from Russia on May 28, 1918
700 BC Ethiopia foundation of D'mt in the early 8th century BC, succeeded by the Aksumite Empire; oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world. Punt is thought to have existed in northern Ethiopia and Eritrea from the 25th century BC preceding D'mt.
660 BC Japan in traditional discovery side Emperor Jimmu. Modern Japan was unified in 270 by Emperor Ojin and again in 1598 by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. End of United States Alliedadministration on March 20, 1952
337 BC Greece unification occurred under the Macedonians by King Philip II of Macedon in 337 BC. After decline in power, Greece was incorporated into the Roman EmpireByzantine Empire and Ottoman Empire. The modern Hellenic Republic was established on 25 March 1821 after independence from the Ottoman Empire
322 BC India
Pakistan
Bangladesh
first unified state incorporating the majority of modern India, was founded under the Maurya dynasty by Emperor Chandragupta Maurya in 322 BC. Re-unification occurred in 1600 under the Mughal dynasty by Akbar the Great. Became part of the British Empire in 1757. Independence declared in 1947. Modern Pakistan was subsequently established on August 14, 1947 and the modern Republic of India was established on 26 January 1950, while Bangladesh finally became a sovereign state on the 16 December 1971
September 3, 301 San Marino claims to be world's oldest surviving republic
486 France conquered by Clovis, French Kingdom (West Francia) created in 843 with Treaty of Verdun, although present-day France (5th Republic) was created on October 5, 1958.
681 Bulgaria unification of Bulgars and Slavs by Asparukh after the Byzantine empire was forced to sign a peace treaty with them. Autonomy from the Ottoman Empire on 3 March 1878 and gained independence from Ottoman Empire on September 22, 1908
7th century Brunei predecessor state of the Sultanate of Brunei established
780 Serbia unification of Serbian tribes under Višeslav I, great-grandson of the Unknown ArchontSerbian Empire is formed in 1346 under Tzar Stefan Dušan. On February 4, 1804, Serbia declares independence from Ottoman Empire. Sovereign until 1813. Became an autonomous state in Ottoman Empire in 1817 and independence (together withMontenegro) from the Ottoman Empire on 13 July 1878
789 Morocco Idriss II founded the city of Fez and unified the tribes between the Moulouya and Um Rabiaa rivers under first Moroccan dynasty. The country took the name of Al Maghrib Al Aqsa. The Alaouite Dynasty is the name of the current Moroccan Dynasty since 1664.
862 Russia Rurik becomes the ruler of Novgorod in northern Rus'. He founds the Rurikid dynasty, which will rule Russian lands for many ages to come. In 1147, first reference toMoscow about an obscure town in a small province inhabited mostly by Merya.
872 Norway first establishment of a unified Norwegian state by King Harald Hairfair in 872. Present-Day Norway regained partial independence from Denmark on the 17 May 1814 and established a constitutional monarchy. Forced into a personal union with Sweden on 4 November 1814 and declared independence on the 7 June 1905, after almost 500 years of unequal unions
882 Ukraine Start of Christianity for Kievan Rus
925 Croatia transformation of the medieval Croatian state into a kingdom under Tomislav around 925
930 Iceland founding of a central parliament (Alþingi) for the newly settled country
February 9, 962 Holy Roman Empire Otto crowned emperor
966 Poland Christianized after being unified by Mieszko I, the first Duke of Poland. Coronation of Boleslaus I the Brave in 1025, the first King of Poland. Although, modern-day Poland only regained independence on the 11 November 1918, proclaimed as a republic, which was later confirmed by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. People's Republic of Poland independence from Nazi Germany on July 21, 1944
980 Denmark consolidation in the late 8th century. In the 9th century Denmark was divided into different kingdoms, but became organized as a unified state by Harold Bluetooth around 980. Denmark has been continuously independent ever since.
995 Sweden Olof Skötkonung became the first king to rule both Svealand and Götaland. Sweden has been continuously independent ever since.
January 1, 1001 Hungary unification by King Stephen I
1002 Ireland unified under King Brian IIrish Free State independence from United Kingdom on December 6, 1921 by treaty, most of Ireland (26 counties) became an independent nation known as the Irish Free State; while six counties in the north remained part of the United Kingdom and were renamed Northern Ireland. The modern Republic of Ireland exited the British Commonwealth and becomes a republic on April 1, 1949 when the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 is empowered.
1139 Portugal County of Portugal becomes independent from the Kingdom of León after the Battle of Ourique as part of the Reconquista. Recognized by León in 1143 and by the Pope in 1179.
1153 Maldives the last Buddhist king of Maldives converts to Islam and adopts the title Sultan
1156 Austria raised from a Bavarian margravate to an independent duchy under the Babenbergs in the Privilegium Minus. Modern-Day Austria was created on the 27th of April 1945 after the Fall of the German Reich.
1190 Albania Progon, Prince of Albania. On November 28, 1443, Skanderbeg liberated Kruja, then Albanian capital. Independence from the Ottoman Empire on November 28, 1912
1206 Mongolia unification of Mongolian tribes by Genghis Khan. Independence from China on July 11, 1921
1238 Thailand traditional founding date after collapse of Khmer Empire
July 6, 1253 Lithuania Coronation of Mindaugas. Independence from Russia on February 16, 1918 and from USSR on March 11, 1990
1278 Andorra formed under the joint suzerainty of the French count of Foix and the Catalan bishop of Urgell
1291 Switzerland date of the Federal Charter. On August 1, 1291, the Swiss Federal Charter is signed. Exact date of the charter's signing is still unknown.
1419 Monaco beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi
July 26, 1581 Netherlands declared independence from the Spanish Empire during the Eighty Years' War
1650 Oman expulsion of the Portuguese
1714 Spain With the Abolition of Crown of Aragon power, after War of the Spanish Succession. All former Iberian kingdoms, apart from Portugal, are merged in Crown of Castille, latter referred as Spain.

[edit]Modern-day states

The dates in the table below are celebrated as Independence Day or an equivalent holiday in some countries.
Date↓ Nation↓ Event
1634 Bhutan unified by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal after the Battle of Five Lamas
December 21, 1768 Nepal unified by Prithvi Narayan Shah
July 4, 1776 United States of America declared independence from Kingdom of Great Britain
January 1, 1801 United Kingdom The Acts of Union 1800 united the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland. Great Britain had been formed on 1 May 1707 by the union of Englandand the Scotland under the Treaty of Union and Acts of Union 1707
January 1, 1804 Haiti from France
July 12, 1806 Liechtenstein from the Holy Roman Empire
July 20, 1810 Colombia from Spain
September 16, 1810 Mexico from Spain
September 18, 1810 Chile from Spain
May 14, 1811 Paraguay from Spain
July 5, 1811 Venezuela from Spain
July 9, 1816 Argentina from Spain
July 28, 1821 Peru from Spain
September 15, 1821 Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
from Spain
November 28, 1821 Panama from Spain
May 24, 1822 Ecuador from Spain
September 7, 1822 Brazil broken ties within the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarve
August 6, 1825 Bolivia from Spain
August 25, 1825 Uruguay from Brazil
October 4, 1830 Belgium from the Netherlands
1839 Luxembourg from the Netherlands
February 27, 1844 Dominican Republic from Haiti
July 26, 1847 Liberia founded by American black slaves
March 17, 1861 Italy Kingdom of Italy unified under King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy.
July 1, 1867 Canada the uniting of four British colonies to form a self-governing federal dominion
1868 Qatar from Bahrain
January 18, 1871 Germany German Empire unification. Unification of West Germany and East Germany on October 3, 1990
May 9, 1877 Romania from the Ottoman Empire. Kingdom of Romania formed on March 26, 1881. Proclaimed as a republic on December 30, 1947
July 13, 1878 Serbia together with Montenegro, independence from the Ottoman Empire
July 13, 1878 Montenegro together with Serbia, independence from the Ottoman Empire
June 12, 1898 Philippines The newly-proclaimed Dictatorial Government of the Philippines declared independence from Spain during Spanish-American War, and the Philippines celebrates this date as its Independence Day holiday. Subsequent to the independence declaration, the nascent Philippine government waged the Philippine-American War and was unsuccessful in establishing sovereignty. Sovereignty over the Philippines passed from Spain to the United States on December 10, 1898 via the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Spanish-American War. On July 4, 1946, the United States recognized the Republic of the Philippines as an independent, sovereign state.
December 10, 1898 Cuba from Spain and on 20 May 1902, from U.S. administration
January 1, 1901 Australia from the UK as a federation of 6 former colonies
November 3, 1903 Panama from Colombia
September 26, 1907 New Zealand granted Dominion status by the UK
May 31, 1910 South Africa granted Dominion status by the UK
December 6, 1917 Finland from Russia
February 16, 1918 Lithuania from Russia
February 24, 1918 Estonia from Russia
March 25, 1918 Belarus from Russia
May 28, 1918 Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Democratic Republic independence from Russia
November 18, 1918 Latvia from Russia
August 19, 1919 Afghanistan from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs
October 29, 1923 Turkey successor state to the Ottoman Empire
February 11, 1929 Vatican City from Italy
September 23, 1932 Saudi Arabia Unification of the Kingdom
October 3, 1932 Iraq from UK
November 22, 1943 Lebanon from League of Nations mandate under French administration
June 17, 1944 Iceland from Denmark
April 17, 1946 Syria from League of Nations mandate under French administration
May 25, 1946 Jordan from League of Nations mandate under British administration
January 4, 1948 Myanmar from UK as Burma
February 4, 1948 Sri Lanka from UK as Ceylon
May 14, 1948 Israel from League of Nations mandate under British administration
December 27, 1949 Indonesia from the Netherlands
December 24, 1951 Libya from UK and French administration
October 22, 1953 Laos from France
November 9, 1953 Cambodia from France. Became free from Vietnamese occupation on September 26, 1989
January 1, 1956 Sudan from Egypt and UK
March 20, 1956 Tunisia from France
March 6, 1957 Ghana from UK
October 2, 1958 Guinea from France
January 1, 1960 Cameroon from French-administered UN trusteeship
April 4, 1960 Senegal from France
April 27, 1960 Togo from French-administered UN trusteeship
June 26, 1960 Madagascar from France. In 1817, King Radama I consolidates his authority over all but a small portion of the island and is recognized as King of Madagascar by the United Kingdom
June 26, 1960 Somalia from the UK
June 30, 1960 Democratic Republic of the Congo from Belgium as Congo-Léopoldville
July 1, 1960 Somalia from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship
August 1, 1960 Benin from France as Dahomey
August 3, 1960 Niger from France
August 5, 1960 Burkina Faso from France as Upper Volta
August 7, 1960 Côte d'Ivoire from France as Ivory Coast
August 11, 1960 Chad from France
August 13, 1960 Central African Republic from France
August 15, 1960 Republic of the Congo from France
August 16, 1960 Cyprus from UK
August 17, 1960 Gabon from France
September 22, 1960 Mali from France
October 1, 1960 Nigeria from UK
November 28, 1960 Mauritania from France
April 27, 1961 Sierra Leone from UK
June 19, 1961 Kuwait from UK
January 1, 1962 Samoa from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship as Western Samoa
July 1, 1962 BurundiRwanda from Belgian-administered UN trusteeship
July 5, 1962 Algeria from France
August 6, 1962 Jamaica from UK
August 31, 1962 Trinidad and Tobago from UK
October 9, 1962 Uganda from UK
September 16, 1963 Malaysia Federation of Malaysia formed from Sarawak, North Borneo (now officially named Sabah), Malaya and Singapore
December 12, 1963 Kenya from UK
April 26, 1964 Tanzania from UK-administered UN trusteeship
July 6, 1964 Malawi from UK
September 21, 1964 Malta from UK
October 24, 1964 Zambia from UK
February 18, 1965 The Gambia from UK
July 26, 1965 Maldives from UK
August 9, 1965 Singapore from Malaysian Federation
May 26, 1966 Guyana from UK
September 30, 1966 Botswana from UK
October 4, 1966 Lesotho from UK
November 30, 1966 Barbados from UK
January 31, 1968 Nauru from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship
March 12, 1968 Mauritius from UK
September 6, 1968 Swaziland from UK
October 12, 1968 Equatorial Guinea from Spain
June 4, 1970 Tonga from UK
October 10, 1970 Fiji from UK
August 15, 1971 Bahrain from UK
September 3, 1971 Qatar from UK
December 2, 1971 United Arab Emirates from UK
July 10, 1973 The Bahamas from UK
September 24, 1973 Guinea-Bissau declared independence from Portugal
February 7, 1974 Grenada from UK
June 25, 1975 Mozambique from Portugal
July 5, 1975 Cape Verde from Portugal
July 6, 1975 Comoros from France
July 12, 1975 São Tomé and Príncipe from Portugal
September 16, 1975 Papua New Guinea from Australian-administered UN trusteeship
November 11, 1975 Angola from Portugal
November 25, 1975 Suriname from Netherlands
June 29, 1976 Seychelles from UK
June 27, 1977 Djibouti from France
July 7, 1978 Solomon Islands from UK
October 1, 1978 Tuvalu from UK
November 3, 1978 Dominica from UK
February 22, 1979 Saint Lucia from UK
February 12, 1979 Kiribati from UK
October 27, 1979 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines from UK
April 18, 1980 Zimbabwe from UK
July 30, 1980 Vanuatu from France and UK
September 21, 1981 Belize from UK
November 1, 1981 Antigua and Barbuda from UK
September 19, 1983 Saint Kitts and Nevis from UK
November 15, 1983 North Cyprus from Cyprus
January 1, 1984 Brunei from UK
October 21, 1986 Marshall Islands from US-administered UN trusteeship as Compact of Free Association takes effect
November 3, 1986 Federated States of Micronesia from US-administered UN Trusteeship as Compact of Free Association takes effect
March 11, 1990 Lithuania from USSR
March 21, 1990 Namibia from South Africa
May 22, 1990 Yemen unification of North Yemen (independence from the Ottoman Empire on November 1, 1918) and South Yemen (independence from UK on November 30, 1967)
April 9, 1991 Georgia from USSR
June 25, 1991 CroatiaSlovenia from Yugoslavia
August 20, 1991 Estonia from USSR
August 21, 1991 Latvia from USSR
August 24, 1991 Russia successor state of USSR
August 24, 1991 Ukraine from USSR
August 25, 1991 Belarus from USSR
August 27, 1991 Moldova from USSR
August 30, 1991 Azerbaijan from USSR
August 31, 1991 Kyrgyzstan from USSR
September 1, 1991 Uzbekistan from USSR
September 8, 1991 Republic of Macedonia from Yugoslavia
September 9, 1991 Tajikistan from USSR
September 21, 1991 Armenia from USSR
October 27, 1991 Turkmenistan from USSR
December 16, 1991 Kazakhstan from USSR
March 1, 1992 Bosnia and Herzegovina from Yugoslavia
January 1, 1993 Czech Republic
Slovakia
Czechoslovakia dissolved
May 24, 1993 Eritrea from Ethiopia
October 1, 1994 Palau from US-administered UN Trusteeship as Compact of Free Association takes effect
May 20, 2002 East Timor from Portugal (recognition, East Timor was invaded by Indonesia from 1975 to 1999, officially it never ceased to be considered as administrated by Portugal)
June 3, 2006 Montenegro from Serbia and Montenegro
June 5, 2006 Serbia successor state of Serbia and Montenegro
February 18, 2008 Kosovo declares independence from Serbia

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